MindTap Growth and Development Practice Test

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• The development of the prefrontal cortex during early childhood primarily enables children to:
• Low birth weight is associated with what risk?
• What is the Apgar score and when is it assessed?
• Research on pro-social behavior indicates it is associated with changes in peer relations such as:
• How does secure attachment influence later social development?
• Which of the following statements is NOT an accurate description of the most contemporary views of language learning?
• Which of the following are common causes of low birth rate?
• Adopted children before six months typically show what kind of developmental trajectory if the home environment is supportive?
• Name Baumrind's four parenting styles and one typical outcome for a child raised by an authoritative parent.
• A child weighs 3.5 pounds at birth. This indicates an increased probability of what?
• How do genetics and environment interact in development according to behavioral genetics?
• Which personality trait does not predict achievement?
• Which description best matches ambivalent attachment?
• Which statement aligns with nativist perspectives on language acquisition?
• Outside human language, which example best illustrates a critical period in development?
• Which statement best integrates nutrition, environment, and development?
• What is an important discovery in neuroscience about how the brain is constructed?
• When conducting research involving children, which practice best protects vulnerable participants?
• Which Big Five trait is associated with imagination and openness to new experiences?
• Which factor is commonly linked to slower growth or motor development in infancy?
• Prosocial cognition plays a central role in which domain?
• How do social and emotional factors influence physical health in aging?
• Which of the following are components of executive functions?
• Which list contains the five factors of the Five-Factor Model?
• Which statement best defines social referencing?
• Which statement defines a critical period in prenatal development?
• What is a cohort effect and why is it important in interpreting developmental data?
• Which action is an example of a gross motor skill commonly seen in 3- to 4-year-olds?
• Which research design is most susceptible to cohort effects?
• What is the most common outcome of prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs?
• Growth may be stunted even when physical needs are met if a child lacks
• Which statement best describes Piaget's view of knowledge in relation to behaviorist theories?
• Motor problems such as poor balance and handwriting tend to accompany which condition?
• What is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities?
• Which statement describes secure attachment in toddlers?
• Practicing motor skills in the classroom supports learning by which observed effect?
• According to Gesell's theories, motor development can be sped up with exercise, but only to a limited extent.
• What is theory of mind, and at what approximate age does it typically emerge?
• Children in center-based care automatically become more socially competent simply because they have opportunities to play with peers.
• Which should a teacher provide to students to help their brain develop?
• Which statement best contrasts fluid and crystallized intelligence and their typical aging patterns?
• Children learn to regulate their emotions from caregivers who are sensitive to their emotional cues.
• What is the lifespan perspective in development?
• Which behaviorist is known for studying rats in specifically designed cages?
• Which statement best defines a teratogen and provides an example?
• Which statement best describes crystallized intelligence?
• How does neuroplasticity change across the lifespan?
• A three-year-old who cries inconsolably when separated from her mother and remains distressed upon her return is best described as which attachment style?
• Distinguish between secure and insecure attachment patterns in infancy.
• Which statement describes the maturation pattern of the adolescent brain linked to increased risk-taking and challenges in emotion regulation?
• According to the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, which statement about media use is correct?
• During adolescence, how do puberty-related changes affect cognitive and social development?
• Which statement best describes the movement pattern of children in nuclear families?
• Which statement best defines brain plasticity?
• What components make up each neuron?
• What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and why is it important for growth?
• Which scenario best demonstrates inhibitory control in early childhood?
• Which term describes the system that holds and manipulates information in the short term during cognitive tasks?
• Which of the following are examples of positive reinforcement?
• Which description best matches disorganized attachment?
• Compare Kohlberg's levels of moral development and provide a core idea of each level.
• Socioemotional selectivity theory describes aging's effect on goals and relationships. Which statement reflects this theory?
• Which factor can facilitate positive outcomes for infants adopted early?
• Which of the following provide evidence for the nativist view of language acquisition?
• Research on children adopted before 6 months of age tends to show that they usually catch up if the home environment is supportive, but it often takes more than a year.
• What is a key instructional strategy within the Zone of Proximal Development?
• Which temperament trait is defined partially by inhibiting impulses and resisting distractions?
• As a child, Angelo was bullied in school. As an adult, Angelo fills with anger each time he drives by the old school building. Which explanation best accounts for Angelo's negative feelings toward school?
• What ethical considerations are central to developmental research involving children?
• Which statement describes secure attachment in toddlers when a caregiver returns?
• Which pairing correctly matches a common age-related cognitive change with a mitigation strategy?
• What is the effect of pruning on synapses?
• A student living in a negative family environment who tends to overreactive stress responses is most likely to exhibit which traits?
• In the information processing model, which component holds incoming sensory information briefly before processing?
• Which sequence correctly describes the three primary stages of prenatal development and a key characteristic of each?
• Describe Erikson's integrity vs despair stage and what contributes to integrity in late adulthood.
• What is the A-not-B error and what does it reveal about infant cognition?
• Name a widely used assessment for cognitive development in early childhood.
• Epigenetics studies which of the following?
• How is habituation used to test how much infants know?
• Which statement about Piaget's theory is true?
• Which process leads to a temporary increase in the number of synapses during early development?
• A clinician labels a child as having a nonorganic failure to thrive. The most likely cause is
• How does Erikson's psychosocial theory describe the first stage of development and its central conflict?
• The benefits of early music training for children extend to which domains?
• By the end of the sensorimotor stage, infants are capable of:
• Which statement best describes authoritative parenting and its typical outcomes for children?
• What best describes the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and its use in instruction?
• Disorganized attachment is best described as which combination?
• Which statement correctly defines a teratogen and provides valid examples?
• High levels of cortisol in children can contribute to developmental delays. True or False?
• In the first few months, infants can do which of the following by reading faces and tones of voice?
• Which statement best identifies the teratogen most commonly associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders?
• What are typical language milestones in the first year of life?
• Which of the following statements is NOT true about child care?
• Which ability do infants have in the first few months of life when reading faces and tones of voice?
• Which maternal employment condition is associated with negative outcomes for children?
• Which attachment style is described as wary of strangers, anxious, not focused, insecure, and asking a lot of questions?
• Which description best matches avoidant attachment?
• Which of the following are fine motor skills typically developed between ages 2 and 3?
• During which prenatal stage do organs and major structures develop?
• Which example is a fine motor skill commonly developed by ages 2 to 3?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of promoting motor skill development in early childhood?
• Name two types of memory that commonly change with aging and how they change.
• Which statement about aging and memory is most accurate?
• According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Jaxon uses his gang to fulfill which need?
• Sensitive periods are characterized by rapid development of specific abilities during a narrow window.
• Which term best describes the understanding that objects continue to exist even when not visible?
• Which scenario best demonstrates inhibitory control in early childhood?
• Define a teratogenic window and give an example of a critical period in prenatal development.
• Which statements about sensitive periods are true?
• Cross-sequential design in developmental research combines which elements and why?
• Which statement about brain energy use in early childhood is accurate?
• True or False: The rate of glucose consumption in young children's brains during early childhood is relatively low.
• Which statement best describes selective optimization with compensation in aging?
• What parenting style is associated with better adjustment for children after divorce?
• Which of the following is an example of altruistic behavior?
• Social referencing helps a child determine how to respond in ambiguous situations by observing what?
• In Maslow's hierarchy, which level represents the highest potential for personal growth?
• Which statement about positive emotions and motivation is correct?
• Which Big Five trait describes sociability and assertiveness?
• Which of the following is best supported by research as a cause of the negative outcomes linked to divorce?
• Which statement does not accurately describe patterns of temperament and personality?
• What is the major global cause of stunted growth in children?
• Individual differences in brain structures help explain which of the following?
• Which statement is supported by the material regarding insecure attachment and child care?
• Which stage and central crisis characterize adolescence?
• What is the role of neuroplasticity across the lifespan?
• Which of the Big Five traits is associated with emotional instability?
• Which statement best describes sleep in older adults?
• Which ability develops by the end of the sensorimotor stage?
• What is object permanence and at approximately what age does it typically emerge?
• According to the 2010 US Census, what is the most common family structure?
• Which Maslow level corresponds to the need for esteem and recognition?
• Which level of Maslow's hierarchy represents the need for close relationships and belonging?
• According to Maslow, what is the root cause of bad behavior?
• Which outcome is most likely for a child exposed prenatally to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs?
• In early language development, which statement is accurate about receptive and expressive language?
• Which statement best defines brain plasticity?
• Explain the lifespan development approach and why it is multidimensional.
• Children are more likely to adjust adequately after divorce if their parents
• Which areas does the Bayley Scales assess in early development?
• Vikram is two years old, and his father travels often. Vikram looks forward to his father's return, when they typically play together and then talk over snacks. Psychologists would refer Vikram's attachment as:
• Why do kindergarten children have more synapses than at birth and than their teachers?
• The National School Lunch Program is said to especially help
• Which option correctly lists Maslow's hierarchy in order from bottom to top?
• Which statement best describes how sleep patterns typically change from infancy to older adulthood?
• Which of the following is an example showing basic emotions?
• Which statement best reflects the effectiveness of retrieval practice for aging memory?
• At what age do self-interest and selectivity begin to inhibit a child's universal impulse to share?
• What is a key benefit of a cross-sequential design in developmental research?
• Pro-social behavior is positively correlated with which of the following?
• At which stage do most children begin to be able to follow simple commands?
• Define temperament and name one dimension used to describe it.
• What are some advantages of breastfeeding?
• Compared to other family structures, nuclear families tend to have
• Which option best describes the emphasis of socioemotional selectivity theory in aging?
• What is the key difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs in developmental psychology?
• In the three-layer model of information processing, which are the components?
• Which of the following is a gross motor skill commonly developed by ages 3 to 4?
• Which Big Five trait is described as being cooperative and eager to help others?
• Which of the following is a predictor of individual differences in pro-social behavior?
• In Erikson's theory, what is the stage that follows adolescence?
• Which statement best reflects gender and ethnicity differences in growth and motor development?
• The development of the prefrontal cortex during early childhood enables children to:
• How do moral emotions relate to moral reasoning, and how does this relate to Kohlberg's emphasis?
• Piaget's four developmental stages primarily track which aspect of children's thinking?
• Describe Piaget's sensorimotor stage and a milestone associated with it.
• Which statement best reflects the role of social interaction in language development?
• Which Big Five trait is associated with being organized and dependable?
• Which item is not part of the Apgar score assessment?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between caregiver relationships and growth?
• Identify the example that best illustrates a critical period outside language development.
• At approximately what age do children begin to distinguish intentional actions from accidental actions?
• Which statement best distinguishes intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and their impact on development?
• In psychology, attachment is an excessive dependency on the part of a child toward the parent.
• Nonorganic failure to thrive is most often associated with which factor?